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Willie Soon
Wei-Hock "Willie" Soon (born 1966) is a solar physicist whose current research interest is solar influences on the Earth's climate. Soon is an externally funded part-time employee of the Smithsonian at the Solar and Stellar Physics (SSP) Division of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.〔(Solar, Stellar, and Planetary Sciences ), Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. Quote: "SOON, Willie, Astrophysicist ... Research specialties: Observational analysis and physical modeling of phenomena relevant to the Sun, Sun-like stars, and the Earth."〕 He is also a receiving editor for the Elsevier journal ''New Astronomy''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=New Astronomy Editorial Board )〕 Soon co-authored ''The Maunder Minimum and the Variable Sun–Earth Connection'' with Steven H. Yaskell. The book treats historical and proxy records of climate change coinciding with the Maunder Minimum, a period from 1645 to about 1715 when sunspots became exceedingly rare.
Soon disputes the current scientific understanding of climate change, and contends that most global warming is caused by solar variation rather than by human activity. He gained visibility in part due to scientific criticism of the methodology of a paper which he co-wrote.〔 Climate scientists have rebutted Soon's arguments, and the Smithsonian does not support his conclusions, but he is frequently cited by politicians opposed to climate-change legislation.〔
Over the past decade, Soon's research and his salary have been funded largely by fossil-fuel interests, which provided over $1.2 million in funding over 10 years, including $409,000 from The Southern Company and $230,000 from Charles G. Koch Charitable Foundation. These funding sources were not disclosed in a number of papers published since 2008, leading the Smithsonian Institution to investigate whether Soon had violated conflict-of-interest policies.〔 Soon says he has "always complied with what I understood to be disclosure practices in my field generally".
==Early life and education==
Willie Soon was born in Kangar, Malaysia, in 1966. He attended Khoon Aik Primary School in Kangar, Perlis, then Sekolah Menengah Syed Sirajudin Secondary School in Jejawi, Perlis, and Sekolah Menengah Dato Sheikh Ahmad Secondary School in Arau, Perlis.〔 To further his education he emigrated to the United States in 1980 and attended the University of Southern California, receiving a B.Sc. in 1985, followed by a M.Sc. in 1987 and then a Ph.D. in Aerospace Engineering (distinction ) in 1991.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Solar, Stellar, and Planetary Sciences: Research Staff )〕〔( CV and publication list for Willie Soon, 2014 )〕 His doctoral thesis was titled ''Non-equilibrium kinetics in high-temperature gases''. He received the IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society Graduate Scholastic Award in 1989 and the Rockwell Dennis Hunt Scholastic Award from the University of Southern California in 1991.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Rockwell Dennis Hunt Scholastic Award )〕
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